ATP
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy carrier in living cells. It consists of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and three phosphate groups, with energy stored in the bonds between these phosphates. During Photosynthesis, ATP is produced in the Light-Dependent Reactions within the Chloroplast as a result of the Electron Transport Chain and the Proton Gradient.
ATP provides the energy necessary for many cellular processes, including the Calvin Cycle in Photosynthesis, where it is used to convert carbon dioxide into Glucose. The energy is released when one phosphate group is cleaved from ATP, converting it into ADP (adenosine diphosphate). This process is reversible, and cells can regenerate ATP from ADP through processes like cellular respiration and Photophosphorylation in plants.