Mitochondria
Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles found in nearly all Eukaryotic Cells, often referred to as the “powerhouses of the cell” due to their role in producing ATP through Cellular Respiration. The inner membrane is highly folded into structures called Cristae, which increase surface area for the Electron Transport Chain, a key stage of energy production. The matrix, the internal space within the mitochondria, contains Enzymes for The Krebs Cycle and mitochondrial DNA, which supports the Endosymbiotic Theory of their origin.
Mitochondria are essential for energy metabolism, converting energy stored in Glucose and Lipids into usable chemical energy.
The collaboration between mitochondria and Chloroplasts in plant cells demonstrates the interdependence of energy production and consumption in Autotrophs and Heterotrophs.