Marbury vs Madison

  • Marbury won, established judicial review
  • Court gives up writ of mandamus
  • Madison tried to appoint midnight judges
  • Marbury was appointed as a justice of the peace for washington DC
  • Marbury upset he cant take office and sues madison after midnight judges are appointed

Judiciary act of 1789: Supreme Court can offer writ of mandamus

  • court order compelling the government to act and do something
  • Not a constitutional power

Judiciary act of 1801: Gives power of judicial review to the Supreme Court

  • Judicial review ends up being more powerful than writs of mandamus

Was Jefferson a good president?

  • Didn’t represent the ideas of his party
    • Keep out of government
    • President can’t purchase land or make treaties, stretches the words of the constitution
      • Directly against the Republican ideas

Louisiana Purchase

  • Napoleon seizes power in France but quickly loses money
  • As a bail out for the struggling empire, Napoleon offers to sell Louisiana territory to Jefferson
    • Jefferson approves but calls it a treaty
    • Sends Lewis and Clark
  • Gives more farmland, which is a Republican ideal

Napoleonic Wars

  • Britain fought to stop Napoleon
    • Impressed american sailors
    • Attacked American ship
  • Jefferson passes the Embargo Act
    • American ships cannot trade with anyyone until Britian and France stopped attacking America
  • US GDP dropped by 5%
  • Act was incredibly unpopular and fails
    • Hurts New England as British trade is their main source of income
  • Repealed by Jefferson before he leaves office

Despite this, Madison still wins the election and shows that Federalist ideas will not succeed in America’s political landscape.

Problems after Napoleonic Wars

  • Non intercourse Act
    • forbade trade with Britain and France but would reopen trade to whichever removed restrictions first
  • Macons Bill Number 2
    • reopened trade with both, but said that if one nation removed trade restrictions they would become exclusive
    • France takes the offer, and a nonimportation act against Britain is passed
  • War Hawks
    • want to start war in order for America to gain more land. Mostly republicans from the south
  • Tecumseh’s Confederacy
    • urged Indian tribes to unite against American encroachment and reject American goods
  • William Henry Harrison
    • destroyed the town of Prophetstown in a preemptive **Battle of Tippecanoe

Madison Calls for War with Britain

  • June 1812: Madison asks for a declaration of war on Britain
  • Reasons:
    • Impressment of sailors
    • Failure to recognize neutrality

War of 1812

  • Going into the war the US is weak due to republican policies
  • White House and most of DC is burned
    • Little to no opposition
  • British troops can now focus on America because Napoleon was defeated
  • Andrew Jackson becomes popular because of army successes
    • Starts battle even after treaty is signed, ends up winning
  • Sharp increase of nationalism
  • Federalists fall out of favor and cease to be a national party
    • Era of Good Feelings ensues
  • Monroe wins presidency
    • Republican party ends up being the only party in power

Era of good feelings

  • Republicans realize the benefits of a stronger federal government
  • Party splits into 2 factions, one wanting a stronger national government
  • Madison created a new national bank
    • Controlled state banks and issues a national currency
    • Charter expired in 1811
    • Seen as institution of corruption and insiders
  • Tariff of 1816 passed to protect American manufacturers from cheap British goods
  • Federal road system vetoed by Madison
    • States granted private charters to build roads

Court cases

Martin vs Hunter US Supreme court is final appeal and handles all interpretations of constitution

Mcculloch vs Maryland Bank is necessary and proper but states cannot tax federal institutions

Gibbons vs Ogden Congress has right to regulate interstate commerce which includes transportation

Fletcher vs Peck limited state power, protected property rights, and promoted economic investments (govt cant negate contract)

Dartmouth vs Woodward original charter was a contract that could not be changred by the state