Marbury vs Madison
- Marbury won, established judicial review
- Court gives up writ of mandamus
- Madison tried to appoint midnight judges
- Marbury was appointed as a justice of the peace for washington DC
- Marbury upset he cant take office and sues madison after midnight judges are appointed
Judiciary act of 1789: Supreme Court can offer writ of mandamus
- court order compelling the government to act and do something
- Not a constitutional power
Judiciary act of 1801: Gives power of judicial review to the Supreme Court
- Judicial review ends up being more powerful than writs of mandamus
Was Jefferson a good president?
- Didn’t represent the ideas of his party
- Keep out of government
- President can’t purchase land or make treaties, stretches the words of the constitution
- Directly against the Republican ideas
Louisiana Purchase
- Napoleon seizes power in France but quickly loses money
- As a bail out for the struggling empire, Napoleon offers to sell Louisiana territory to Jefferson
- Jefferson approves but calls it a treaty
- Sends Lewis and Clark
- Gives more farmland, which is a Republican ideal
Napoleonic Wars
- Britain fought to stop Napoleon
- Impressed american sailors
- Attacked American ship
- Jefferson passes the Embargo Act
- American ships cannot trade with anyyone until Britian and France stopped attacking America
- US GDP dropped by 5%
- Act was incredibly unpopular and fails
- Hurts New England as British trade is their main source of income
- Repealed by Jefferson before he leaves office
Despite this, Madison still wins the election and shows that Federalist ideas will not succeed in America’s political landscape.
Problems after Napoleonic Wars
- Non intercourse Act
- forbade trade with Britain and France but would reopen trade to whichever removed restrictions first
- Macons Bill Number 2
- reopened trade with both, but said that if one nation removed trade restrictions they would become exclusive
- France takes the offer, and a nonimportation act against Britain is passed
- War Hawks
- want to start war in order for America to gain more land. Mostly republicans from the south
- Tecumseh’s Confederacy
- urged Indian tribes to unite against American encroachment and reject American goods
- William Henry Harrison
- destroyed the town of Prophetstown in a preemptive **Battle of Tippecanoe
Madison Calls for War with Britain
- June 1812: Madison asks for a declaration of war on Britain
- Reasons:
- Impressment of sailors
- Failure to recognize neutrality
War of 1812
- Going into the war the US is weak due to republican policies
- White House and most of DC is burned
- Little to no opposition
- British troops can now focus on America because Napoleon was defeated
- Andrew Jackson becomes popular because of army successes
- Starts battle even after treaty is signed, ends up winning
- Sharp increase of nationalism
- Federalists fall out of favor and cease to be a national party
- Era of Good Feelings ensues
- Monroe wins presidency
- Republican party ends up being the only party in power
Era of good feelings
- Republicans realize the benefits of a stronger federal government
- Party splits into 2 factions, one wanting a stronger national government
- Madison created a new national bank
- Controlled state banks and issues a national currency
- Charter expired in 1811
- Seen as institution of corruption and insiders
- Tariff of 1816 passed to protect American manufacturers from cheap British goods
- Federal road system vetoed by Madison
- States granted private charters to build roads
Court cases
Martin vs Hunter → US Supreme court is final appeal and handles all interpretations of constitution
Mcculloch vs Maryland → Bank is necessary and proper but states cannot tax federal institutions
Gibbons vs Ogden → Congress has right to regulate interstate commerce which includes transportation
Fletcher vs Peck → limited state power, protected property rights, and promoted economic investments (govt cant negate contract)
Dartmouth vs Woodward → original charter was a contract that could not be changred by the state