Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics governs how energy flows in biological systems, setting fundamental limits on what cells can accomplish. The First Law of Thermodynamics ensures that energy cannot be created or destroyed but must be obtained from external sources like light or chemical compounds. The Second Law of Thermodynamics highlights the natural tendency of systems toward Entropy, or disorder, making energy input essential for maintaining order in cells. Together, these laws explain the delicate balance organisms must achieve to survive and thrive.